SUṢAMĀ : Multidisciplinary Research Journal
volume-1, issue-1 (jan-mar) 2025
1. संस्कृतवाङ्मये रामकृष्णस्य साक्षाच्छिष्याणां योगदानम्
(saṃskṛtavāṅmaye rāmakṛṣṇasya sākṣācchiṣyāṇāṃ yogadānam)
Author(s): Dr. Bishnupada Pal
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Sanskrit,
Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan,
Bolpur, West Bengal, India.
E-mail ID: bishnupal2012@gmail.com
Page No: 1-15
Abstract: Today, the Ramakrishna Mission and Math are the epitome of the Sanskrit language. Many institutions like Vedavidalaya, Vivekananda University and Vidyamandir are always working to promote and support Sanskrit. The knowledge of Sanskrit literature is essential for preserving Indian civilization and culture. Poetry such as the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Puranas can be found in the beautiful tradition of Indian civilization and culture. The disciples of Ramakrishna Paramahansa made an invaluable contribution to Sanskrit literature. In order to build a well-organized environment for the general public, Sanskrit has been dedicated to the Sanskrit language. Namely, Swami Vivekananda wrote Shivastotra, Ambastotra and Ramakrishnastotra. Swami Brahmananda wrote Bhagavaccharanastotra. Swami Saradananda wrote Gadadharastotra, Saradapranamamantra, Vivekanandapranamamantra etc. Swami Abhedananda wrote Stotraratnakar, Sri Ramakrishnadhyana, Sri Ramakrishnavatarastotra, Sri Ramakrishnashtak, Sri Ramakrishnastotra, and Sreesaradevistotra. Swami Trigunatitananda wrote Sri Ramakrishnaavatarastotra and Swami Ramakrishnananda wrote Sri vivekanandapanchak. To this day, Swami Vivekananda regarded the practical Vedanta as very time-consuming. Ramakrishna has been serving Sanskrit mothers through reading and writing books in Sanskrit.
Keywords: Sanskrit, Ramakrishna, Sarada, Swami Vivekananda, Swami Brahmananda, Swami Saradananda, Swami Trigunatitananda, Swami Ramakrishnananda.
सारांशः— संस्कृतभाषा देवभाषा इति जनश्रुतिस्तु प्रसिद्धैव। तस्मात् गृहिणां गृहत्यागिनाञ्च संस्कृतभाषायाम् आसक्तिः सदैव विलसति। तस्मात् केचन गृहिणः सन्न्यासिनश्च आजीवनमेव संस्कृतमातुः सेवाकार्ये आत्मानम् असमर्पयन्। गृहिणश्च यथा— नागेशदीक्षितादयः विद्वांसः। सन्न्यासिनश्च यथा— शङ्कराचार्यादयः। एवञ्च आधुनिकयुगेऽपि काश्चन संस्थाश्च निरन्तरमेव संस्कृतमातुः प्रचाराय कार्यं कुर्वन्त्यः सन्ति। यथा— संस्कृतभारत्यादयः संस्थाः। पुनश्च अद्यापि संस्कृतमातुः प्रचाराय गुरुकुलं, प्रतिष्ठानं, संस्था, मठः इत्येते सर्वदा निःशुल्कतया छात्रान् पाठयित्वा संस्कृतमातृसेवकान् वर्धयन्ति। यथा— विवेकानन्दविश्वविद्यालयः, वेदविद्यालयश्च, विद्यामन्दिरं प्रभृतिकम्। पुनश्च केचन विश्वविद्यालयाः केवलं संस्कृतशास्त्रम् एव पाठयन्ति। एतेन ज्ञायते यत् देवभाषायाः कीदृग् माहात्म्यं जगत्यस्मिन् विलसति। रामकृष्णसंघस्य सन्न्यासिनः देवभाषायां प्रायः सर्वे नितरां पटवः सन्ति। ते च महाराजाः विविधप्रतिष्ठानेषु संस्कृतभाषायाः पाठनकार्ये नियुक्ताः। केचन सन्ति महाराजाः, ये संस्कृभाषया ग्रन्थादिकम् अरचयन्। यथा— स्वामिविवेकानन्दादयः। केचन सन्ति महाराजाः, ये संस्कृतभाषया निबद्धस्य उपनिषदादिग्रन्थस्य इतरभाषया अनुवादं चक्रुः। यथा— स्वामिनो जुष्टानन्दादयः। एतेन सामान्यजनाः अपि उपनिषत्सु निहितगूढात्मतत्त्वं ज्ञातु पारयन्ति। पत्रेऽस्मिन् रामकृष्णस्य साक्षात् शिष्याणां संस्कृतवाङ्मये कीदृग् अवदानं विलसति इति तद्विषये पर्यालोच्यते।
मुख्यशब्दाः— संस्कृत, रामकृष्ण, सारदा, स्वामी विवेकानन्द, स्वामी ब्रह्मानन्द, स्वामी सारदानन्द, स्वामी त्रिगुणातीतानन्द, स्वामी रामकृष्णानन्द।
Cite This: Pal, Dr. Bishnupada (2025). संस्कृतवाङ्मये रामकृष्णस्य साक्षाच्छिष्याणां योगदानम्. SUṢAMĀ : Multidisciplinary Research Journal, Vol-1, issue-1, pp. 1-15.
2. समाजसंस्कारे आर्यसमाज तथा स्वामी दयानन्द सरस्वती
(samājasaṃskāre āryasamāja tathā svāmī dayānanda sarasvatī)
Author(s): Sampa Sarkar
Assistant Professor
Bijoy Krishna Girls College, Howrah, West Bengal, India.
E-mail ID: ssampa915@gmail.com
Page No: 16-20
Abstract: Swami Dayananda Saraswati is one of the foremost pioneers of modern India`s social reform and progressive religious thought. Emerging as a response to the impact of Western Education and Christian missionaries, Dayananda appeared to remove the social life of India from decay and unconsciousness. He launched an unprecedented nationwide purification movement to free the Hindu society of that time from all kinds of superstitions and guide them to the traditional Vedic path. Swami Dayananda Saraswati was a great revolutionary and social reformer. He established the Arya Samāj to convey the elevated standards and essential messages of the Vedic tradition to the times and circumstances. The Arya Samāj was able to bring various cultures to Indian society. He was the first to present the concept of “Swarāj” as “India for Indians”. Later, contemporary freedom fighters like Lokmanya Tilak adopted this idea. Swami Dayananda tried to revive Vedic jurisprudence. His main objective to make human life pleasant in all its forms was to prepare the knowledge prescribed in the Vedas to the entire human race. In this paper, I will discuss the contribution of Swami Dayananda Saraswati to the social reformer movement.
Keywords: Dayananda Saraswati, Swarāj, Arya Samāj, Vedic Tradition.
शोधसारः — वर्तमानकाले भारतवर्षस्य समाजसंस्कारस्य प्रगतिशीलधर्मचिन्तनस्य च अग्रणीषु अन्यतमः अस्ति स्वामी दयानन्द सरस्वती। पाश्चात्यशिक्षायाः, ईसाईप्रचारकाणां च प्रभावेन भारतस्य सामाजिकिजीवनं क्षयस्य अचेतनायाः च दूरीकर्तुं दयानन्दः प्रादुर्भूतः। तस्मिन् कालस्य हिन्दु समाजस्य सर्वविधः अन्धविश्वासेभ्यः मुक्तिं कृत्वा पारम्पारिकवैदिकमार्गे मार्गदर्शनाय तेन अपूर्वं राष्ट्रव्यापी शुद्धिकरण-आन्दोलनं कृतम्। स्वामी दयानन्द सरस्वती महान् क्रान्तिकारी समाजसंस्कारकः आसीत्। सः वैदिकपरम्परायाः उन्नतमानकां अत्यावश्यक-सन्देशान् च कालपरिस्थिति सम्वद्धान् कर्तुं आर्यसमाजस्य स्थापनां कृतवान्। आर्यसमाजः भारतीयसमाजस्य विविधानि संस्काराणि आनयितुं समर्थः अभवत्। सः एव प्रथमवारं “स्वराजः”- इति अवधारणां “भारतीयानां कृते भारतम्” – इति रूपेण प्रस्तुतवान्। अनन्तरं लोकमान्य तिलकः इत्यादयः समकालीनाः स्वातन्त्रसेनानीः एतत् विचारं स्वीकृतवन्तः। स्वामी दयानन्दः वैदिकन्यायशास्त्रस्य पुनरुत्थापनस्य प्रयासं कृतवान्। मानवजीवनं सर्वरूपेण सुखदं कर्तुं तस्य मुख्य उद्देश्यं आसीत् वेदविहितस्य ज्ञानस्य समग्रमानवजातेः समक्षं सज्जीकरणम्। अस्मिन् शोधपत्रे अहं स्वामी दयानन्द-सरस्वत्याः समाजसंस्कारक-आन्दोलने योगदानस्य विषये चर्चां करिष्यामि।
कूटशब्दाः — दयानन्द सरस्वती, स्वराजः, आर्य समाजः, वैदिकपरम्परा
Cite This: Sarkar, Sampa (2025). समाजसंस्कारे आर्यसमाज तथा स्वामी दयानन्द सरस्वती. SUṢAMĀ : Multidisciplinary Research Journal, Vol-1, issue-1, pp. 16-20.
3. शब्दार्थरत्नदिशा पदतत्त्वविमर्शः
(śabdārtharatnadiśā padatattvavimarśaḥ)
Author(s): Dr. Pintu Raul
State Aided College Teacher,
Dept. of Sanskrit, Sitananda College
Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India.
E-mail: raulpintu@gmail.com
Page No: 21-45
Abstract: Based on the Padakanda of Taranath Tarkavachaspati's Shabdartharatna, this research paper discusses the nature of words (padatattva). The Shabdartharatna has two chapters: the Vakyakanda and the Padakanda. In this paper, I have first demonstrated the connection between the Padakanda and the Vakyakanda, then discussed topics such as the origin of letters, the nature of words, the types of words, a proper discussion of their types, and the opinions of scholars on the distinctions among words. Furthermore, a significant discussion has been included on the topic of karmapravachaniya as per Panini's sutras, the question of whether nipatas (indeclinables) and upasargas (prefixes) are denotative (dyotaka) or significative (vachaka), the flaws and arguments in the significativeness of nipatas, and the views of Bhartrhari on whether nipatas and upasargas are denotative or significative.
Keywords: Karmapravacanīyam, Padam, Nipātaḥ, Upasargāḥ.
सारांशः— तारानाथतर्कवाचस्पतेः शब्दार्थरत्नस्य पदकाण्डम् अवलम्व्य पदतत्त्वम् आलोच्यते। शब्दार्थरत्ने द्वे काण्डे भवतः— वाक्यकाण्डं पदकाण्डञ्चेति। अस्मिन् सन्दर्भे वाक्यकाण्डेन सह पदकाण्डस्य सङ्गतिः कथम् इति प्रदर्शनपूर्वकं वर्णानामुत्पत्तिः, पदस्य स्वरूपं, पदस्य भेदाः, तेषां भेदानां यथोपयुक्तमालोचनं, पदभेदविषये पण्डितानां मतम् इति विषयाः मया उपस्थापिताः। अपि च प्रसङ्गात् पाणिनीयसूत्रैः कर्मप्रवचनीयविषयस्य विशिष्टम् आलोचनं, निपातोपसर्गाः द्योतकाः वाचकाः वा इति विषयः, निपातानां वाचकत्वे दोषाः युक्तयश्च, भर्त्तृहरिमते निपातोपसर्गाः द्योतकाः वाचकाः वा इत्यादिभिः विषयैः सह तत्तद्विषयेषु निष्कर्षोऽर्थः अपि मया समुपस्थापितः।
कूटशब्दाः — कर्मप्रवचनीयम्, पदम्, निपातः, उपसर्गाः।
Cite This: Raul, Dr. Pintu (2025).शब्दार्थरत्नदिशा पदतत्त्वविमर्शः . SUṢAMĀ : Multidisciplinary Research Journal, Vol-1, issue-1, pp. 21-45.
4. The Conception of Liberation in the Pātañjala Yoga – system
Author(s): Dr. Krishnagopal Adhikari
Associate Professor,
Dept. of Sanskrit, Sitananda College
Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India.
E-mail ID: krishnagopaladhikari64@gmail.com
Page No: 46-59
Abstract: It is a great pleasure to me that my article entitled “The Conception of Liberation in the Pātañjala Yoga-System” is ultimately published to keep pace with the present day dynamics. The subject-matter of my article is studied completely based upon the conception of liberation in the Pātañjala-Yoga System. I have tried utmost to dive deep into the theme of the subject of this article discussed most reasonably in the light of other Indian Philosophies.
The Sāṃkhya-Yoga Philosophy plays a vital role in Indian Philosophy. It has been recognized as the most ancient philosophy in the field of this discipline. Both the Sāṃkhya and Yoga Systems are co-related. Liberation or emancipation of salvation is the only goal of the Indian Philosophy. Liberation is impossible without the co-operation of the Yoga-systems of Patañjali and other systems of Indian Philosophy. Though the Advaita Vedānta Philosophy dismissed its necessity by the Brahma Sutra– “etena Yogaḥ pratyuktaḥ”.
Though Patañjali is not the expounder of the yoga system, he collected different types of yogic practices in his lifetime and divided those into four Chapters. He is the path-finder of those who desire liberation or emancipation. It can never be violated by any other means. Hiranyagarvaḥ is the founder of the yoga system as opined by the Sage Yājñavalkaḥ.
Keywords: Pātañjala, Pātañjalayogasūtra, Kaivalya, Puruṣa, Avyakta.
Cite This: Adhikari, Dr. Krishnagopal (2025).The Conception of Liberation in the Pātañjala Yoga – system. SUṢAMĀ : Multidisciplinary Research Journal, Vol-1, issue-1, pp. 46-59.
Author(s): Dr. Sarita Singh
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Education
Sitananda College, Nandigram,
West Bengal, India
E-mail ID: ssarita448@gmail.com
Prof (Dr.) Gyanendra Kumar Rout
Professor & Head , Dept. of Education
Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak (M.P), India
Page No: 60-68
Abstract: This research study aims to depict the overview of Pre-service B.Ed teacher educators' ICT knowledge and its integration into the pre-service teachers' training programme. To attain the actual goal of this study self-made questionnaire was administered to 50 pre-service teacher educators including males and females of different govt. and private institution via a google form. Mean, SD, and t-test was employed for the statistical interpretation of data. The major findings revealed that there is no significant difference in ICT awareness and its integration into the pre-service teachers' training programme among the male and female teacher educators of Govt. and Private institutions. However, there is a major association between the govt. male and female pre-service teacher educators of West Bengal. Apart from it still there is lack of ICT knowledge and skills among the teacher educators of West Bengal.
Key Words: Awareness, Integration, ICT knowledge, Pre-service, Teacher Educators
Cite This: Singh, Dr. Sarita & Rout , Dr. Gyanendra Kumar (2025).Awareness and Integration of Information and Communication Technology among the Pre-Service Teacher Educations of West Bengal. SUṢAMĀ : Multidisciplinary Research Journal, Vol-1, issue-1, pp. 60-68.
6. A Concise Historiography of Plague Epidemic in Colonial Bengal Since 1868 to 1947
Author(s): Dr. Shib Sankar Ghosh
Assistant Teacher of Debagram Mahadeb High School,
Salboni, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India.
E-mail ID: shib.midnapore@gmail.com
Page No: 69-74
Abstract: During the course of colonial rule – the disease plague considered to be a very harmful catastrophe for the native people of this country. Frequent outbreak of plague harassed the natives and the colonial government and it caused huge mortality whenever it rapidly spread. In most of the historical writings on plague marked their starting point of analysis from Bombay plague epidemic in September 1896 but before Bombay, different parts of Bengal Presidency had already faced the evil effect of plague. This paper attempts to analyse how the epidemic of plague appeared and spread in Bengal Presidency since 1868 to 1947 and also the role played by the colonial government to eradicate the disease. The current study also revealed the impact of plague epidemic on socio-religious life of the native people of Bengal.
Key Words: Plague, Rat, Epidemic, Disease, Sanitation, Vaccination, Quarantine, India, Bombay, Bengal, Calcutta, Midnapore, Government, Native.
Cite This: Ghosh, Dr. Shib Sankar (2025). A Concise Historiography of Plague Epidemic in Colonial Bengal Since 1868 to 1947 . SUṢAMĀ : Multidisciplinary Research Journal, Vol-1, issue-1, pp. 69-74.
7. Two Phase Communication Protocol of a Two Qubit States using Concatenated GHZ States
Author(s): Dr. Arpan Dhara
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of Mathematics, Sitananda College,
Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India.
E-mail ID: arpanbesu88@gmail.com
Page No: 75-80
Abstract: In this paper we introduce a new communication (teleportation) protocol for transferring arbitrary two qubits by using concatenated three particle entangled states as quantum channels which are robust in noisy environments. Due to almost inevitable existence of noise, which can create devastation in the communication systems, such robust quantum channels become necessary. The protocol is a perfect teleportation protocol. An advantage of the process is that only one fourth of the measurement basis elements of the sender appear in the protocol.
Keywords: Concatenation; Concatenated GHZ States; Teleportation; Bell State
Cite This: Dhara, Dr. Arpan (2025). Two Phase Communication Protocol of a Two Qubit States using Concatenated GHZ States. SUṢAMĀ : Multidisciplinary Research Journal, Vol-1, issue-1, pp. 75-80.
Author(s): Sreejan Das
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Political Science, Sitananda College
Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India.
E-mail ID: sreejan.das@gmail.com
Page No: 81-93
Abstract: This article examines the transformation of regional politics in India since 2014, analysing its intersections with populism, nationalism, welfare politics, leadership dynamics, and evolving regional identities. Using Progressive Negation Analysis (PNA), it systematically challenges pre-2014 assumptions of regionalism as purely defensive, identity-driven, and coalition-dependent. The study identifies the emergence of a new model—Competitive Sub-National Populism (CSNP)—where regional leaders blend sub-national pride with elements of national populism, positioning themselves as both defenders of state identity and performance-driven welfare providers. Post-2014 regionalism is characterised by heightened leader-centric mobilisation, symbolic confrontation with central narratives, and welfare branding as an electoral strategy. In contrast to pre-2014 patterns, today’s regional parties actively compete for narrative dominance, engage in performance-based legitimacy battles, and influence national political discourse beyond state boundaries. The analysis also explores the implications of CSNP for federalism, opposition politics, and governance sustainability. It argues that far from eroding, regionalism has adapted to the nationalised political environment, becoming more competitive, leader-driven, and populist in nature. The article concludes by outlining future ramifications, including intensified Centre–state confrontations, escalating welfare competition, and the growing importance of narrative politics in shaping India’s democratic trajectory.
Keywords: Regionalism in India; Competitive Sub-National Populism; Progressive Negation Analysis; Populism; Nationalism; Welfare Politics; Leadership; Federalism; Post-2014 Politics; Centre–State Relations
Cite This: Das, Sreejan (2025). Recasting Regionalism: Between Nationalism, Populism, Clientelism and Competitive Federalism in Post-2014 India. SUṢAMĀ : Multidisciplinary Research Journal, Vol-1, issue-1, pp. 81-93.
Author(s): Himanshu Hazra
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of Physics, Sitananda College,
Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India.
E-mail ID: mrhazra2011@gmail.com
Page No: 94-100
Abstract: Some of the greatest revolutionary breakthroughs in human history have been fueled by physics, the foundation of scientific investigation. This article examines how patents have transformed companies and society by turning theoretical ideas in physics into useful inventions. This research demonstrates the path from theoretical scientific understanding to practical application through in-depth case studies, ranging from the development of the transistor and laser to MRI, quantum cryptography, and superconducting magnets. The cases show the socioeconomic implications and ethical issues in the patenting process in addition to the scientific and technological difficulties involved. The article highlights how physics continues to influence the future through creative problem-solving, institutional support, and effective intellectual property protection by looking at these significant turning points.
Keywords: Technology transfer, intellectual property, applied physics, case studies, science and society, commercialization of research, MRI, quantum cryptography, optical fiber communication, superconductivity, physics innovation, scientific patents, transistors, lasers, and Bose headphones.
Cite This: Hazra, Himanshu (2025). A review on physics-based patents that influenced modern technology and daily life: from discovery to invention. SUṢAMĀ : Multidisciplinary Research Journal, Vol-1, issue-1, pp. 94-100.